Near Futures
  • How much privacy and freedom are we willing to give up for security and other benefits?

    You can per issue on the posters in the following pages.

    Near Futures
    Human life is increasingly intertwined with the digital. The continuous tracking of our devices and online lives has created big volumes of data, that are capitalized for new markets of behavioral prediction and modification. The future trajectory is clear: more and more personal data will be generated and controlled by others.

    Based on this trend, experts predict multiple future scenarios within the next fifty years. The scenarios involve technological developments that have a significant impact on our privacy and freedom in return for, among others, a better security.

    The interactive posters of Near Futures describes and illustrates these scenarios to help people understand where the power of technological corporations will lead to. As there is little time to protest against near futures, it is important to evaluate our morals. How much privacy and freedom are we willing to give up for security and other benefits?

    The interaction/data is being used to motivate people to research the subject of (future) technologies and privacy.
  • Type Title

    A Ted talk by Glenn Greenwald, who was one of the first reporters to see — and write about — the Edward Snowden files, with their revelations about the United States' extensive surveillance of private citizens. In this talk, Greenwald makes the case for why you need to care about privacy, even if you’re “not doing anything you need to hide."

    www.ted.com/talks/glenn_greenwald

    Life 3.0 discusses Artificial Intelligence (AI) and its impact on the future of life on Earth and beyond. The book discusses a variety of societal implications, what can be done to maximize the chances of a positive outcome, and potential futures for humanity, technology and combinations thereof.

    www.bookdepository.com/Life-3-0

    This article describes an emergent logic of accumulation in the networked sphere, ‘surveillance capitalism,’ and considers its implications for ‘information civilization.’

    www.papers.ssrn.com/sol3

    Melanie Swan writes about expanding the Human-Data Relation with Big Data. Big data is growing as an area of information technology, service, and science, and so too is the need for its intellectual understanding and interpretation from a theoretical, philosophical, and societal perspective.

    https://www.researchgate.net/publication

    This article is written by Dr Dominic Crutchley of Cambridge Consultant, one of the world's leading product development and technology consultancy firms. The article describes the expectations and challenges of Smart Dust.

    www.cambridgeconsultants.com/insights/wheres-my-smart-dust

    This article of Maize magazine offers an interesting overview of the studies on smart dust.

    www.maize.io/magazine/what-is-smart-dust/

    A paper by Karen Li Xan Wong and Amy Shields Dobson on exploring China’s social credit system in relation to digital platform ratings cultures in Westernised democracies.

    www.journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177

    In this short article, Lewis Just writes about not just the social credit system that is known in China, but also similar systems that we see across the world.

    www.nextnature.net/story/2016/rating-reputation-economy

    Next Senses explores the unchartered territory of how we could experience the world with technology, and wonders if we have been doing this already.

    www.nextnature.net/magazine/visual/2021/next-senses

    This is an article from the journal "Computers in Human Behavior" on the moderating effect of ethics on neuralimplant acceptance.

    www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii

    Two very interesting papers on brain–computer interfacing technology and the ethics of neurosecurity.

    www.bioethica-forum.ch/(free) www.ink.springer.com(paid)

    This book aims to clarify current theological and philosophical dialogue on the posthuman by arguing that theologians must pay attention to which form of the posthuman they are engaging, and to demonstrate that a 'posthuman theology' is not only possible, but desirable, when the vision of the posthuman is one that coincides with a theological vision of the human.

    https://www.bookdepository.com/Cyborg-Selves

    In this talk, Hugh Herr details "NeuroEmbodied Design," a methodology for creating cyborg function that he's developing at the MIT Media Lab, and shows us a future where we've augmented our bodies in a way that will redefine human potential -- and, maybe, turn us into superheroes.

    www.ted.com/talks/hugh_herr

    This is a book by the Swedish philosopher Nick Bostrom from the University of Oxford. It argues that if machine brains surpass human brains in general intelligence, then this new superintelligence could replace humans as the dominant lifeform on Earth.

    www.bookdepository.com/Superintelligence

    An article written by Michael Brant, a American science writer, historian of science, founder of The Skeptics Society. Shermer engages in debates on topics pertaining to pseudoscience and religion in which he emphasizes scientific skepticism.

    www.pocketmags.com/us/skeptic-magazine A critical response to the article: www.thebulletin.org/2017

    An article written by Phil Torres. His writing focuses on emerging technologies, apocalyptic ideologies, and existential risks. This article is a response to the article "Why Artificial Intelligence is Not an Existential Threat", by Michael Shermer. Phil Torres gives a clear overview of the dangers that superintelligence could bring.

    www.thebulletin.org/2017

    A philosopher and technologist, Bostrom asks us to think hard about the world we're building right now, driven by thinking machines. Will our smart machines help to preserve humanity and our values — or will they have values of their own?

    www.ted.com/talks/nick_bostrom
  • Microscopic video, auditory and other sensors will become permanently present in our lives, similar to regular ‘dumb’ dust. It will be useful for applications such as environmental mon­itoring and security surveillance, but the risk of being closely monitored by anyone is present.

    Do the pros of smart dust sensors outweigh the cons?

    You voted! You already voted
    Pro:
    A safer society
    Con:
    Close tracking of our lives Close tracking of our lives

     

    Smart dust has been studied since 1992, and is more and more a reality. The potential of smart dust is important for a wide variety of applica­tions such as climate control, rapid detection of natural disasters, building safety and surveil­lance for security purposes.

    Nevertheless, Smart Dust is able to invade people’s privacy in unforeseen ways. The sensors could be monitoring you day and night, without you being aware of this threat.

    As sensor networks become cheaper and more commoditized, they will become increasingly available. If the technology gets into the wrong hands, what would stop someone from acting nefariously, especially when they are unlikely to be detected or identified?

    Does better climate control and an increase in general safety outweigh the risk of being closely monitored by anyone who gets access to these sensors?
  • A social credit system rates the honesty and reliability of citizens by monitoring behavior. The goal is to help people trust each other. Individuals with high ratings receive better services from the government. Those with low ratings are restricted, even regarding vital rights such as access to hospitals.

    Do the pros of social credit systems outweigh the cons?

    You voted! You already voted
    Pro:
    Trust­worthy people benefit Trust­worthy people benefit
    Con:
    Untrust­worthy people lose outUntrust­worthy people lose out

     

    Social credit systems already exist in China since 2011, but similar means of surveillance and rating citizens have become more popular worldwide. Banks already rate creditworthiness. Apps like Uber and Airbnb rate their users and restrict those with low scores.

    Experts predict that social credit systems will be seen in more countries in the future. The rating of people’s integrity and honesty will be a major factor in people’s lives. Your rating will determine whether you are able to rent a flat, buy a plane ticket and, among other things, have access to universities and hospitals.

    Social Credit Systems might contribute to the trustworthiness within society. But it also might only cause fear and oppression.

    Do the benefits of being trustworthy outweigh fear and oppression?
  • Most citizens will have their brain enhanced by an implanted computer. The connections between the brain and computer enhance people’s senses and abilities. It also puts us at risk of being monitored and manipulated by corporations and hackers.

    Do the pros of living as a cyborg outweigh the cons?

    You voted! You already voted
    Pro:
    Enhanced senses and abilities
    Con:
    Greater risk of being ExploitedGreater risk of being Exploited

     

    Most people are already attached to their phones and people are increasingly moving towards wearable devices. We want to enhance ourselves more and more, and as the capabil­ities of the technologies increase, neural implanted devices will become more popular and social resistance will decline.

    The possibilities that the connection between brain and computer will offer are far-reaching. For example, paralyzed limbs could be made to function again, people could become more intelligent, devices can be easily operated by mind and remote communication is fast and easy. However, because the brain will be connected to a larger network, your data could be intercepted. You could be closely monitored and your behavior and physical well-being could be manipulated. This level of manipula­tion and control would be particularly attractive for corporations in authoritarian regimes.

    Do the benefits of having neural implants outweigh the danger of being monitored and manipulated?
  • A superintelligent computer will take full control of precise decision-making. It is capable of solving problems like global warming, but ethical issues can occur because we have no control over its behavior.

    Do the pros of computers being in control outweigh the cons?

    You voted! You already voted
    Pro:
    Efficient problem solving
    Con:
    No control over decisions

     

    Superintelligence is defined as intelligence that greatly exceeds human intelligence in all domains. As computers are rapidly becoming smarter, experts predict that computers will reach the stage of superintelligence within less than 50 years. A superintelligent computer will be capable of solving universal problems like global warming or world hunger and invent technology that humans could never even think of.

    However, experts predict that we will not have control over superintelligence. Computers are becoming increasingly independent at making big decisions. For example, computer algo­rithms have been allowed to predict future criminals and shape how parole is denied or granted to prisoners, without judges, or even programmers being able to understand how these algorithms work. This is because these types of algorithms learn and calculate based on very large, and complex, sets of data.

    Because we will not have control and because the computer will be much stronger than any person, a superintelligent computer whose goal or value system is even slightly misaligned with ours, will result in huge ethical problems. For example, experts say it could dictate society, enforce strict rules and eliminate anyone who stands in its way.

    Does the efficiency in problem solving on a global scale outweigh being powerless and the risks that go with that?